On the one hand, megacities are global risk areas – in natural and anthropo- genic dimensions. They are subject to increasing socio-economic vulnerability due to increasing poverty, socio-spatial and political-institutional fragmentation and often extreme forms of segregation, disparities, and conflicts. Megaurban societies are disintegrated and destabilised due to the direct proximity of very different local livelihoods and lifestyles (including ethnic and social groups). Megacities not only face risks in consequence of external events, whether natu- ral or manmade. They likewise contain, produce and reinforce hazards (Mitchell 1999) and as such are "victim and culprit" at the same time.
- On the other hand, megacities, as global junctions, offer a multitude of poten- tials for global transformation. Due to their wide range of available human re- sources and globally linked actors, megacities are considered to be potential "innovative milieus". For example, improved sustainability can be achieved by decreasing the "drain on land resources", by using resources very efficiently (recycling and regeneration), efficient hazard prevention, and sufficient health care.
The observed multi-dimensional global change processes cause numerous conse- quences for mega-urban areas, and vice versa the diversely structured, differently governed and unevenly performing mega-urban areas affect the different levels of global change in manifold ways. Broadly and with regard to socio-economic global change, "rich" and "poor" megacities have to be differentiated (Scholz 2002, Roy/Alsayyad 2004): Rich megacities profit as production centres in the global market from the earnings of the international division of labour and involvement in global socio-economic and political networks. However, "poor" megacities are the "absorbing pools" for the rural migration with large percentages of the population living below the poverty line. Here, the production and service levels of a wide range of informal activities persist at regional and national scales.
On the one hand, megacities are global risk areas – in natural and anthropo- genic dimensions. They are subject to increasing socio-economic vulnerability due to increasing poverty, socio-spatial and political-institutional fragmentation and often extreme forms of segregation, disparities, and conflicts. Megaurban societies are disintegrated and destabilised due to the direct proximity of very different local livelihoods and lifestyles (including ethnic and social groups). Megacities not only face risks in consequence of external events, whether natu- ral or manmade. They likewise contain, produce and reinforce hazards (Mitchell 1999) and as such are "victim and culprit" at the same time.- On the other hand, megacities, as global junctions, offer a multitude of poten- tials for global transformation. Due to their wide range of available human re- sources and globally linked actors, megacities are considered to be potential "innovative milieus". For example, improved sustainability can be achieved by decreasing the "drain on land resources", by using resources very efficiently (recycling and regeneration), efficient hazard prevention, and sufficient health care.The observed multi-dimensional global change processes cause numerous conse- quences for mega-urban areas, and vice versa the diversely structured, differently governed and unevenly performing mega-urban areas affect the different levels of global change in manifold ways. Broadly and with regard to socio-economic global change, "rich" and "poor" megacities have to be differentiated (Scholz 2002, Roy/Alsayyad 2004): Rich megacities profit as production centres in the global market from the earnings of the international division of labour and involvement in global socio-economic and political networks. However, "poor" megacities are the "absorbing pools" for the rural migration with large percentages of the population living below the poverty line. Here, the production and service levels of a wide range of informal activities persist at regional and national scales.
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