Different types of payloads are delivered into cells following
successful penetration of membranes by viruses. Consequently these
payloads have different fates. For viruses such as poliovirus, the cargo
delivered into the cells is free genomic positive sense RNA, which is
directly subjected to translation. For other viruses such as Sindbis
virus, Adenovirus and African swine fever virus (ASFV), the viral
nucleocapsid may be delivered into the cell for further uncoating
within the cytosol or at the nuclear membrane. Members of the
reoviridae family, which contain concentric protein shells, deliver the
inner capsid or core into the cytoplasm to initiate transcription of viral
RNA by the core-associated viral polymerase. It is possible that
delivery of these components directly or indirectly activates proapoptotic
signaling pathways.