Notably, section 2 provides a summary of research work on the nature of the link between HRM and OP. Section 3 highlights the pros and cons of direct and indirect approaches to HRM-OP. Section 4 reviews the literature on the nature of OP measures and the difficulty in measuring this in the
context of the HRM-OP nexus, whilst Section 5 provides a framework for measuring OP. Sections 6 and 7, respectively, comment on the choice of dependent and independent variables. Section 8 contains suggestions on the inclusion of external