this approach signaled a fundamental shift from a focus on factors that place us at risk of harm to protective factors(such as optimism,self-determination,faith,wisdom,creativity)that nurture personal strengths and help us recover from adversity.The second wave in the study of resilience focused on understanding how we acquire resilient qualities,and viewed resilience as a"process of coping with stressors,adversity,change,or opportunity in a manner that results in the identification,fortification, and enrichment of protective factor