Sustainable and greener synthesis of intracellular gold nanoparticles using mushroom Flammulina velutipes
is reported. Incubation of a mushroom in chloroaurate solution resulted in the synthesis and immobilization
of stable gold nanoparticles inside the mushroom mycelia. Transmission electron microscopic
(TEM) analysis revealed the presence of gold nanoparticles (620 nm) inside the mycelia, primarily on the
inner surface of the cell membrane. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
revealed that the accumulated gold concentration ranged from 64.4 to 330.5 mg kg1 dry weight (DW) in
the mushroom mycelia. The reduction of Au3+ ions to Au0 and stabilization of gold nanoparticles occurred
within 1 h, and the formation of fcc crystalline gold nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction
(XRD) analysis. This facile intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a mushroom without using
any toxic chemicals or technologically expensive processes is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the
reduction of organic pollutants methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenol (4NP). The reduction reaction follows
pseudo-first order kinetics with a reaction rate constant of 0.0529 min1 and 0.1236 min1 for MB
and 4NP, respectively. This biological process of biomatrixing of metal nanoparticles for heterogeneous
catalytic reactions is simple, nontoxic, environmentally benign, and economically viable compared to
the chemical synthetic routes.
Sustainable and greener synthesis of intracellular gold nanoparticles using mushroom Flammulina velutipesis reported. Incubation of a mushroom in chloroaurate solution resulted in the synthesis and immobilizationof stable gold nanoparticles inside the mushroom mycelia. Transmission electron microscopic(TEM) analysis revealed the presence of gold nanoparticles (620 nm) inside the mycelia, primarily on theinner surface of the cell membrane. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)revealed that the accumulated gold concentration ranged from 64.4 to 330.5 mg kg1 dry weight (DW) inthe mushroom mycelia. The reduction of Au3+ ions to Au0 and stabilization of gold nanoparticles occurredwithin 1 h, and the formation of fcc crystalline gold nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. This facile intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a mushroom without usingany toxic chemicals or technologically expensive processes is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in thereduction of organic pollutants methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenol (4NP). The reduction reaction followspseudo-first order kinetics with a reaction rate constant of 0.0529 min1 and 0.1236 min1 for MBand 4NP, respectively. This biological process of biomatrixing of metal nanoparticles for heterogeneouscatalytic reactions is simple, nontoxic, environmentally benign, and economically viable compared tothe chemical synthetic routes.
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