UV–Vis spectra of NCs were obtained with a dualbeam spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 950). Fluorescence spectra of NCs were acquired using a spectrofluorimeter (Jobin–Yvon Horiba Fluorolog 3-222 spectrophotometer). Fluorescence decay measurements of NCs were conducted using the Jobin– Yvon Horiba Fluorolog3 spectrofluorometer equipped with a 370 nm Nanoled and using the DataStation6 software package.