While acknowledging the value of interventions that support healthy lifestyles, and advocating for their inclusion within IHSs, we recognize the limitations of a behavioural/lifestyle approach to promote health.
By the early 1980s, it was recognized that emphasizing one’s personal responsibility for health while neglecting the social and environmental conditions which inhibit the adoption of healthy lifestyles tended to “blame the victim” and ignored issues of social responsibility (Crawford, 1977; Labonte and Penfold, 1981; Buck 1984; Freudenberg, 1985).