Health-Related Components
Muscular Strength is the maximum amount of force that one can generate in a specific movement pattern at a specific velocity of contraction. The definition used to be more simple--the ability to lift a maximum weight. The new definition reflects more specificity in the nature of a movement where strength is required.
When athletes make significant strength gains, muscles fibers (cells) gain size. Weightlifting requires considerable strength, but all sports also require some level of strength fitness.
Muscular Endurance is the ability to sustain submaximal activity for extended periods of time and resist fatigue. Submaximal muscular endurance is the ability to sustain low-intensity muscular contractions for a period of time. High-intensity (strength) endurance reflects the ability to sustain high-intensity muscular contractions.
Cardiovascular Endurance is the ability to perform prolonged aerobic exercise at moderate to high exercise intensities. It is related to the functioning of the lungs, heart, and circulatory system and the capacity of skeletal muscle to utilize oxygen.
Flexibility is the ability of a joint to move freely through its range of motion (ROM). Gymnastic events require substantial joint flexibility. Various methods of stretching can increase flexibility.
Body Composition is the proportion of fat and fat-free mass (lean body mass) throughout the body. Eating properly and engaging in physical activities are the most effective ways to enhance body composition.