The antagonism of T. gamsii YIM PH30019 against pathogens was investigated with dual culture tests [28]. The mycoparasitism of T. gamsii YIM PH30019 was observed by collecting the hyphae from the interaction zone between T. gamsii and test phytopathogens. The hyphal sample was transferred to glass coverslips, fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in a series of ascending ethanol concentrations (50e100%) (v/v), dried in desiccator, and coated with gold in a sputter-coater (SCD 005; BAL-TEC,Switzerland); then, it was examined with a scanning electron microscope (Quanta 200FEG; FEI Company, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA).