1. Introduction
Most oil-producing countries including Indonesia are both
located adjacent to the tectonic plates and close to the sea. It is believed
that the fossil fuel produced in Indonesia is not derived from
wood-plant fossils (because the geological age of Indonesia is very
young), but comes from aquatic plants including microalgae e.g. Botryococcus
braunii (Banerjee et al., 2002; Metzger and Largeau, 2005).
This is based on the fact that the original territory of Indonesia comes
from the sea where tectonic plates shift and volcanoes raise the
ground. The movement of tectonic plates through tectonic earthquakes
then traps and presses seawater and everything in the seawater
including marine microalgae into the soil to form a layer of
oil. In the laboratory, this can be demonstrated by squeezing microalgae
cells to push oil out.