Chromic materials may be defined as dyes and pigments that exhibit a distinct colour change when exposed to an external stimulus, especially when the change is reversible and controllable. A wide range of materials that exhibit colour change effects have been investigated in recent decades and numerous products have been introduced commercially. Currently, chromic materials are most commonly used in high-technology non-textile applications which exploit the chromic effect produced by the stimulus, for example in ophthalmics, thermometry, electronics and biomedicine. Although these colorants have not been developed specifically for textiles, there is growing interest in their potential for applications in technical and smart textile products. This chapter provides an overview of the chemical types and properties of the most important classes of chromic materials, a discussion of the underlying scientific principles and a review of their commercial applications, with particular emphasis on developments that have taken place towards textile applications. Following the overview of the general principles of
Chromic materials may be defined as dyes and pigments that exhibit a distinct colour change when exposed to an external stimulus, especially when the change is reversible and controllable. A wide range of materials that exhibit colour change effects have been investigated in recent decades and numerous products have been introduced commercially. Currently, chromic materials are most commonly used in high-technology non-textile applications which exploit the chromic effect produced by the stimulus, for example in ophthalmics, thermometry, electronics and biomedicine. Although these colorants have not been developed specifically for textiles, there is growing interest in their potential for applications in technical and smart textile products. This chapter provides an overview of the chemical types and properties of the most important classes of chromic materials, a discussion of the underlying scientific principles and a review of their commercial applications, with particular emphasis on developments that have taken place towards textile applications. Following the overview of the general principles of
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