This case study was part of a larger, single-center, institutional
review boardYapproved study describing autonomic
responses to environmental stimuli in newborns
hospitalized for treatment of complex congenital heart
disease. The infant’s mother provided written informed
consent. The case infant was male, born at 39 3/7 weeks,
weighed 3709 g, and had Apgar scores of 6 at 1minute
and 9 at 5 minutes after vaginal delivery to a 20-year-old,
G1P1 unmarried mother