Acclimation of photosynthetic light reactions to daily changes in solar radiation requires adjustments in
photosystem II photochemistry and may be affected by environmental stresses, such as drought. In this
study, we examined the effects of a short-term, severe water deficit on diurnal variations in photosystem
II photochemistry, photoprotective compounds (tocopherols and carotenoids, including the xanthophyll
cycle) and stress-related phytohormones (abscisic acid and salicylic acid) in the CAM plant, Aptenia
cordifolia L. f. Schwantes. Violaxanthin was rapidly converted to zeaxanthin under high light, the deepoxidation
state of the xanthophyll cycle reaching maximum levels of 0.95 at midday in irrigated
plants. Under a higher photoprotective demand caused by water deficit, plants showed significant
increases in abscisic acid and g-tocopherol levels, which were followed by decreases in b-carotene and
the Fv/Fm ratio at later stages of stress. Decreases in this ratio below 0.70 correlated with sustained
increases in the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, which kept above 0.90 at night after 15
days of water deficit. In contrast to abscisic acid, salicylic acid levels kept constant under water deficit
and showed a sharp decrease during the day both under irrigated and water stress conditions. We
conclude that the CAM plant, A. cordifolia showed several strategies of acclimation to short-term water
deficit, including abscisic acid and g-tocopherol accumulation, as well as sustained increases in the deepoxidation
state of the xanthophyll cycle, which was tightly coupled to daily variations in photosystem
II photochemistry. The differential accumulation of tocopherol homologues under water deficit and the
diurnal fluctuations of salicylic acid levels in this CAM plant will also be discussed.
Acclimation of photosynthetic light reactions to daily changes in solar radiation requires adjustments inphotosystem II photochemistry and may be affected by environmental stresses, such as drought. In thisstudy, we examined the effects of a short-term, severe water deficit on diurnal variations in photosystemII photochemistry, photoprotective compounds (tocopherols and carotenoids, including the xanthophyllcycle) and stress-related phytohormones (abscisic acid and salicylic acid) in the CAM plant, Apteniacordifolia L. f. Schwantes. Violaxanthin was rapidly converted to zeaxanthin under high light, the deepoxidationstate of the xanthophyll cycle reaching maximum levels of 0.95 at midday in irrigatedplants. Under a higher photoprotective demand caused by water deficit, plants showed significantincreases in abscisic acid and g-tocopherol levels, which were followed by decreases in b-carotene andthe Fv/Fm ratio at later stages of stress. Decreases in this ratio below 0.70 correlated with sustainedincreases in the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, which kept above 0.90 at night after 15days of water deficit. In contrast to abscisic acid, salicylic acid levels kept constant under water deficitand showed a sharp decrease during the day both under irrigated and water stress conditions. Weconclude that the CAM plant, A. cordifolia showed several strategies of acclimation to short-term waterdeficit, including abscisic acid and g-tocopherol accumulation, as well as sustained increases in the deepoxidationstate of the xanthophyll cycle, which was tightly coupled to daily variations in photosystemII photochemistry. The differential accumulation of tocopherol homologues under water deficit and thediurnal fluctuations of salicylic acid levels in this CAM plant will also be discussed.
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