Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Professionals were grouped into four categories: mental health (psychologist/therapist/counselor, psychiatrist); medical (doctor, nurse, emergency room personnel); social service (social worker, case manager); and religious. These categories have been used in prior research, including the Epidemiological Catchment Area study (Narrow, Regier, Rae, Manderscheid, & Locke, 1993). “Formal mental health treatment” was defined as use of prescribed psychotropic medication or counseling. These two treatment modalities were chosen because they are the two forms of treatment that evidence has shown to be effective in general (Charney et al., 2003). There were three categories of outcome variables that were examined in detail in relation to race: recent service use, future willingness to use and most preferred. “Recent service use” variables included use of the following professionals and treatment modalities within the past 12 months (dichotomized as yes/no): any professional; mental health professional; medical professional; social service professional; religious professional; any formal treatment; psychotropic medications; and counseling. “Future willingness to use” variables included willingness to use each of the following professionals and treatment modalities (dichotomized as yes/no): any professional; mental health professional; medical professional; social service professional;religious professional; any formal treatment; psychotropic medications; and counseling. “Most preferred” variables were most preferred professional and treatment modality. To examine each outcome variable from the “recent service use” and “future willingness” categories in relation to race, chi-square analyses were conducted including all racial categories simultaneously. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted instead of chi-square for variables in which any observed or expected values were less than 5. Inferential statistics were not conducted with the “most preferred” modality or location, given the large number of cells and small sample size. Next, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the independent association between race and “future willingness” to seek treatment from particular professionals (any, medical, mental health) and to use particular treatment modalities (any formal treatment, counseling), after adjustment for potential confounders. In addition to race, potential confounders were selected for inclusion as covariates in regression models if they were related to the outcome variable in question in bivariate analyses (chi-square for dichotomous variables and t-tests for continuous variables) at the p < .05 level.