The unique characteristic of the systems viewpoint is the in
terrelationship of pans within the system. Every system is char
acterized by two diverse forces: differentiation and integration. In
a system, specialized functions are diiTerentiated, which replace
diffuse global patterns. In the human body, for instance, the lungs,
heart, and liver are all distinct functions. Similarly, organizations
have divisions, departments, and like units separated out to per
form specialized activities.