Two separate monomer solutions were prepared and stirred at room temperature for 3 h prior to use. The amine solution contained 2 wt% MPD, 5 wt% CSA–TEA salt, and 0.2 wt% SLS in water was poured onto the surface of the polysulfone support that clamped by the frame and allowed to soak for 6 s. The frame was removed and a squeegee roller was employed to gently drain off the excess amine solution on the top surface. Then, the support was dried upon standing vertically in the air for about 2.5 min until no droplet can be seen on the membrane surface. The frame was clamped again and a solution of 0.1 wt% TMC in Isopar Gs was slowly poured on the amine saturated support. After 7 s of interfacial polymerization reaction, the TMC solution was poured off and the membrane was dried in the oven at 90 1C for 5 min for hydrocarbon removal. Finally, the membrane was peeled off from the glass plates for further treatments and soaked in deionized water before testing. During this membrane preparation process, the pouring of aqueous and organic phase solutions was gently carried out fromthe frame corner, and a customized airconvection with the flow rate of 45 L/min was applied in an oven to remove the hydrocarbon evenly. It should be noted that these optimal membrane preparation conditions for TFC membranes were used according to our previous studies