To define the target population of ASEAN MNEs, “Global Researchers 1999” (Bureau Van Dijk 1999), “Moody’s 1999” (Moody’s Investor Service 1999) and Who Owns Whom 1999/2000 (Dun and Bradstreet 1999) were consulted. These
sources yielded a potential sample of 984 targets to which the questionnaire was sent in two waves (the second wave being intended to capture firms who had moved office). Returns numbered 149 (a 15.14 per cent response rate). Of these, fourteen were incomplete, giving a final response rate 135, or 13.7 per cent.5 This response rate is akin to that of similar previous research (Anderson and Forsgren 2000). Survey methods indicate robust reliability and validity.