At the company level, teams composed of department
representatives are necessary to implement TQM throughout
the organization. The same team approach can be used at
the project level.
"Extent of teamwork of parties participating in the
design phase" was found to be the most important factor
that affects quality in Gunaydin's study of TQM in US
construction projects. In the same study, construction
managers and designers ranked this factor as the most
important factor. This result shows that teamwork among
parties such as structural, electrical, environmental, civil
engineers, architects, and owners is essential to reach the
quality goals for design. In the construction phase, "extent
of teamwork of parties participating in the construction
process" was found to be very important and ranked 2nd by
constructors and 4th by construction managers. It appears
that the importance of teamwork in the design phase was
relatively more pronounced than in the construction phase.