In one RCT, snacks containing stevia or sugars were given twice daily to children for 6 weeks. At theend of the trial, the concentrations of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria and lactobacilli(χ2 8.01; P < 0.01), and the probability of developing caries (measured by a cariogram) in thestevia arm had decreased compared with baseline, whereas there were no statistically significantchanges in the sugars arm (209).