Two‐layer systemA two-layer coating using our all-cationic and all-anionic formulations could also lead to an alternative approach to achieve coating strength at lower binder content. Improve- ments in coating strength using a cationic pre-coating fol- lowed by an anionic coating layer at a typical binder level of 11–13 pph have been reported [17]. Thus, a natural exten- sion would be to use an all-cationic formulation as the first layer and an all-anionic formulation as the second layer in a two-layer coating process.