Kanter (1977) argued that effectiveness in organizations was facilitated by leaders who
create structures designed to share power (both formal and informal). According to Kanter, as
discussed by Miller et al. (2001), work environments structured to empower are designed for
follower access to “information, support, and resources necessary to accomplish work is
available, as well as those that provide opportunities for growth and development of knowledge
and skills” (p. 1881).