This slide shows how wall-type structures resist lateral loads.
Vertically spanning strips in the walls oriented perpendicular to the direction of lateral load resist combinations of axial load (from self-weight and roof bearing) and moments from out-of-plane wind.
Reactions from those strips are transferred to horizontal diaphragms that must resist in-plane shears and moments. The load transfer to diaphragms and the in-plane resistance are accomplished with the help of the bond beams that act as diaphragm chords.
The diaphragms, in turn, transfer their reactions to walls oriented parallel to the direction of lateral load, which then act as shear walls.