Monoterpenes such as α-pinene and β-pinene play a significant role in the atmospheric chemistry of forested environments. About 11% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted into the atmosphere are attributed to monoterpenes [1]. Terpenes represent 50% of biogenic VOCs in northern Europe emitted from citrus plants in the Mediterranean climates [2] and [3]. The oxidation of monoterpenes by various atmospheric oxidants including OH radicals, NO3 radicals and ozone occurs at lower tropospheric layer. Most of the studies on the atmospheric degradation of monoterpenes have focused on their reactions with OH radicals and O3 molecules [4] and [5]. However, it is shown that the reaction with nitrate radical is the most important pathway for degradation of monoterpenes at night time [6], [7] and [8]. Studies on NO3 radical initiated oxidation of α-pinene and limonene in the EUPHORE photoreactor have shown that NO3 radicals strongly react with these terpenes and lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) [9].
To date, some research groups have investigated the kinetics of reactions of NO3 radicals with α-pinene and β-pinene [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] and [13]. Atkinson and coworkers have measured the overall rate coefficients for α-pinene + NO3 and β-pinene + NO3 reactions at 295 K and 735 Torr and obtained the values of 3.4 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 and 1.4 × 10−12 cm3 s−1, respectively [7] and [8]. By using a FTIR technique, Barnes et al. have reported the values of 6.5 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 and 2.8 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 at 298 K and 760 Torr for the latter reactions [10]. Kind et al. have measured the values of 5.82 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 and 2.8 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 at 298 K and 5.1 Torr for α-pinene + NO3 and β-pinene + NO3 reactions, respectively [12]. Dlugokencky and Howard have employed a laser induced fluorescence technique to study the α-pinene + NO3 reaction and reported the Arrhenius expression k = 1.19 × 10−12 cm−1 s−1 exp(+4.07 kJ mol−1/RT) over the temperature range of 261–384 K. In the present research work, the advanced density functional method of M06-2X is employed to investigate the potential energy surfaces (PES) of the title reactions. On the basis of the information obtained from the PES’s of the title reactions, the significance of different product channels is discussed. Next, VRC-TST is used to compute the overall rate coefficients as a function of temperature.
Monoterpenes such as α-pinene and β-pinene play a significant role in the atmospheric chemistry of forested environments. About 11% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted into the atmosphere are attributed to monoterpenes [1]. Terpenes represent 50% of biogenic VOCs in northern Europe emitted from citrus plants in the Mediterranean climates [2] and [3]. The oxidation of monoterpenes by various atmospheric oxidants including OH radicals, NO3 radicals and ozone occurs at lower tropospheric layer. Most of the studies on the atmospheric degradation of monoterpenes have focused on their reactions with OH radicals and O3 molecules [4] and [5]. However, it is shown that the reaction with nitrate radical is the most important pathway for degradation of monoterpenes at night time [6], [7] and [8]. Studies on NO3 radical initiated oxidation of α-pinene and limonene in the EUPHORE photoreactor have shown that NO3 radicals strongly react with these terpenes and lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) [9].To date, some research groups have investigated the kinetics of reactions of NO3 radicals with α-pinene and β-pinene [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] and [13]. Atkinson and coworkers have measured the overall rate coefficients for α-pinene + NO3 and β-pinene + NO3 reactions at 295 K and 735 Torr and obtained the values of 3.4 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 and 1.4 × 10−12 cm3 s−1, respectively [7] and [8]. By using a FTIR technique, Barnes et al. have reported the values of 6.5 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 and 2.8 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 at 298 K and 760 Torr for the latter reactions [10]. Kind et al. have measured the values of 5.82 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 and 2.8 × 10−12 cm3 s−1 at 298 K and 5.1 Torr for α-pinene + NO3 and β-pinene + NO3 reactions, respectively [12]. Dlugokencky and Howard have employed a laser induced fluorescence technique to study the α-pinene + NO3 reaction and reported the Arrhenius expression k = 1.19 × 10−12 cm−1 s−1 exp(+4.07 kJ mol−1/RT) over the temperature range of 261–384 K. In the present research work, the advanced density functional method of M06-2X is employed to investigate the potential energy surfaces (PES) of the title reactions. On the basis of the information obtained from the PES’s of the title reactions, the significance of different product channels is discussed. Next, VRC-TST is used to compute the overall rate coefficients as a function of temperature.
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