Second, the closely related issues of gender, gender norms, and the sex/gender distinction remind us that biological determinism continues to be a strong though often unspoken influence working against girls’ participation in physical education. Biological determinism rests on an assumption that girls and women are physically and physiologically inferior to men and are thus incapable of participating in some physical activities (e.g. running for a long distance; playing a contact sport like football). Advocates for girls leading physically active lives need to be constantly vigilant in relation to this issue and its adverse consequences, and to be ready to use facts to challenge sexist attitudes.