How: Pharmacologic therapy for adult postoperative patients may include
acetaminophen, NSAIDs, opioid analgesics, and other medications. Nonpharmacologic
therapy may include applying cool or warm compresses to the painful site, patient
repositioning for optimal comfort, and distraction and relaxation techniques. Pain
management measures are usually minimally invasive or noninvasive, but may include
invasive procedures such as regional nerve blocks