In these HCEs, employees were observed using unsuitable and unlabelled containers and plastic bags, without colour codes or biohazard signs, contrary to the WHO Code of Practice (WHO, 2004). Medical waste from these establishments was mixed
with municipal waste even when the waste was blood-stained and potentially infectious.
The HCEs authority frequently handled and disposed of their medical waste, along with litter, in domestic bins, drains, general sewerage systems or even in canals. It was observed that sometimes surgically removed anatomical body parts are also dumped into road side bins. Although, not part of the main focus of this
study, it was at the same time observed that liquid waste and wastewater of HCEs was discharged into the general sewerage system without the necessary precautions. A small proportion of medical waste was observed to be collected and managed by ‘nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs) in separate containers and transported by specially designated vehicles for final disposal