caution should be exercised while interpreting the outcome of this study. First, the model of osteoarthritis used does not represent the natural OA in humans and dogs and thus the biological changes notedmay not be completely the same for natural OA. The model used in this study will represent events that followed posttraumatic OA. It may be that the anti-osteoarthritic effect of both glucosamine and snail mucin reported here are actually due to their anti-inflammatory effect on the regulation of the activity of IL-6 and MMP-3. The short duration of this study also, might not have allowed for sufficient time for complete process of OA to develop. In humans and dogs, natural OA might take over two years to develop and can progress over lifetime. This is one of the limitations of using animal models for studying pattern of OA in humans. However, the result of this study is encouraging and further supports the previous evidences on the putative role of glucosamine on the progression of OA. It also provides evidences on the usefulness of snail mucin in the treatment of OA.