Conclusion Seeingbloodinurineisaworryingsymptomforpeopleand itusuallypromptsthemtourgentlyseekmedicaladvice.NVH isoftenidentifiedduringhealthscreeningorinvestigationof unrelated symptoms. Both symptoms require further investigationtoexcludetransientcauses,e.g.urineinfection. Peoplewithsignificanthaematuriashouldbereferredtoa haematuriaclinicforinvestigationwithin2 weeks,iftheyfulfil thecriteriatoexcludeaurologicalcancer.Thisactionwill ensurethatpeoplewhoarefoundtohavecancerasthecause of their haematuria will be diagnosed and treated early, increasingtheirchanceofbeingcuredoftheirdisease