that are appropriate to the content.
Application Principle
Instruction should have the learner apply learning consistent with the type of component skill: kinds-of, how-to, and what-happens.
Instruction should provide intrinsic or corrective feedback.
Instruction should provide coaching, which should be gradually withdrawn to enhance application.
Instruction should engage learners in peer-collaboration.
Activation Principle
Instruction should activate relevant cognitive structures in learners by having them recall, describe, or demonstrate relevant prior knowledge or experience.
Instruction should have learners share previous experience with each other.
Instruction should have learners recall or acquire a structure for organizing new knowledge.