In conclusion, the present investigation confirms that lupeol exerts a significant anti-pancreatic cancer effect on
PCNA-1 cells in vitro and in vivo. The anti-cancer activity of lupeol could be attributed to its inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis as well as cycle arrest of PCNA-1 cells through inhibition of the AKT and ERK pathways. The dramatic effects of lupeol in PCNA-1 cells indicated that lupeol could be recognized to be a useful candidate as a chemotherapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer.