Figure 1. The Causal Model with Coefficients and Significance Levels. (Path coefficients appear
on each arrow. Their levels of significance, with a two-tailed test, are shown as * representing p <
0.10 level, ** representingp < 0.05 level, and ***representingp < 0.01 level.)
one theoretical construct generally influences another. It is then illustrated in terms of
some specific items.