The number of subjects completing the test included all subjects who received a 4-h exposure to that test material plus any subject reacting after an earlier exposure time.
For formulations terminated early (due to >50% responders) the number completing the test included positive responders and all subjects not respond- ing to the final exposure application. The data were compiled as the accumulative % incidence of positive skin reactions to a given test material. The total % responders to the various test materials in a given study were compared to the 20% SDS control using Fishers Exact Test. Statistical comparisons were made based upon responses at the 4-h time point (for most test mate- rials) or at the terminal exposure time (for those few materials with exposures terminated before the 4-h exposure time due to >50% responders). Test materials showing equal or statistically greater (p < 0.05) inci- dences of positive responders vs. SDS were considered irritating under the conditions of exposure (Basketter et al., 1994). Test materials showing statistically lower (p < 0.05) incidences of positive responders vs. SDS were considered non-irritating under the conditions of expo- sure. The temporal responses were also evaluated by curve fitting (SigmaPlot for Windows, version 8.02, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL) and TR50 values (the time of exposure necessary for 50% of the exposed population to show a positive skin response) were determined and compared within and across studies.
3. Results
Seven separate clinical patch studies were conducted between June 1998 and January 2002. These studies were conducted using the same basic protocol format although the duration of the studies ranged from 7-weeks for the first two studies to 2–3 weeks for the latter five studies (see Section 2). Exposures to the test materi- als were incremental from 30 min to 4 h (one study dropped the 30 min exposure). All of the study details are provided in Table 1, including numbers of subjects (and gender breakdown), subject ages, test materials, the highest cumulative percent irritation responses, and the irritation comparisons to the 20% SDS bench- mark. The time course patterns of the cumulative per- cent positive skin irritation responses for each test material compared to 20% SDS, for each of the 7 stud- ies, are shown in Figs. 1A–7A. Symbols on each graph indicate those formulations significantly more or less irritating than 20% SDS at the terminal patch exposure time point. Those formulas that showed no significant difference in skin irritation responses vs. SDS and those formulas that showed significantly more skin irritation responses than SDS would be considered irritating to skin under these specific exposure conditions. Those for- mulas that showed significantly less skin irritation than SDS would be considered non-irritating under these specific exposure conditions. The time response curves
The number of subjects completing the test included all subjects who received a 4-h exposure to that test material plus any subject reacting after an earlier exposure time.
For formulations terminated early (due to >50% responders) the number completing the test included positive responders and all subjects not respond- ing to the final exposure application. The data were compiled as the accumulative % incidence of positive skin reactions to a given test material. The total % responders to the various test materials in a given study were compared to the 20% SDS control using Fishers Exact Test. Statistical comparisons were made based upon responses at the 4-h time point (for most test mate- rials) or at the terminal exposure time (for those few materials with exposures terminated before the 4-h exposure time due to >50% responders). Test materials showing equal or statistically greater (p < 0.05) inci- dences of positive responders vs. SDS were considered irritating under the conditions of exposure (Basketter et al., 1994). Test materials showing statistically lower (p < 0.05) incidences of positive responders vs. SDS were considered non-irritating under the conditions of expo- sure. The temporal responses were also evaluated by curve fitting (SigmaPlot for Windows, version 8.02, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL) and TR50 values (the time of exposure necessary for 50% of the exposed population to show a positive skin response) were determined and compared within and across studies.
3. Results
Seven separate clinical patch studies were conducted between June 1998 and January 2002. These studies were conducted using the same basic protocol format although the duration of the studies ranged from 7-weeks for the first two studies to 2–3 weeks for the latter five studies (see Section 2). Exposures to the test materi- als were incremental from 30 min to 4 h (one study dropped the 30 min exposure). All of the study details are provided in Table 1, including numbers of subjects (and gender breakdown), subject ages, test materials, the highest cumulative percent irritation responses, and the irritation comparisons to the 20% SDS bench- mark. The time course patterns of the cumulative per- cent positive skin irritation responses for each test material compared to 20% SDS, for each of the 7 stud- ies, are shown in Figs. 1A–7A. Symbols on each graph indicate those formulations significantly more or less irritating than 20% SDS at the terminal patch exposure time point. Those formulas that showed no significant difference in skin irritation responses vs. SDS and those formulas that showed significantly more skin irritation responses than SDS would be considered irritating to skin under these specific exposure conditions. Those for- mulas that showed significantly less skin irritation than SDS would be considered non-irritating under these specific exposure conditions. The time response curves
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