The differences among the views on how the styles should be defined produced a number of learning styles models and
theories. Coffield et al. (2004) listed 71 different learning styles in their review on Learning style and pedagogy in post-16
learning. 60 of the styles have their own measurement tool. Coffield’s review examined 13 learning style models where
each model was examined for evidence, provided by independent researchers, that the instrument could demonstrate bothinternal consistency and testeretest reliability and construct and predictive validity. Only three of the models came close to
meeting these criteri.