Urodynamic tests involve functional and dynamic assessment
of the lower urinary tract and are used to assess detrusor and
bladder outlet function (Figure 2).7 Filling cystometry and
pressureeflow study evaluate pressureevolume relationships
during bladder filling and voiding, while uroflowmetry is a noninvasive
assessment of voiding. Video-urodynamics, which
involves simultaneous fluoroscopic monitoring during urodynamics,
allows for demonstration of vesico-ureteral reflux and
structural abnormalities of the bladder and bladder neck. Urodynamic
tests are more important in patients with spinal cord
injury and myelodysplasia than in those with progressive
neurological disease. In patients with Parkinson’s disease, urodynamic
evaluation helps to identify obstructed voiding due to
concomitant urological conditions such as benign prostatic
enlargement.
Isotope renography may be indicated in patients with upper
tract disease to assess renal functions.