Reports have indicated
that by-products, such as hydroxylmethyl-furfural (HMF),
furfural, furoic acid, and phenol, are produced from irreversible
conversion of pentoses, hexoses, and lignin during pretreatment
with acid [8]. Based on these results, hydrothermal reaction at
140 C without H2SO4 was used to pretreat cassava pulp.