The products were prepared as directed on the packaging where appropriate, and rubbed through a 5mm stainless steel sieve (Retsch, Haan, Germany). Sub-samples of the sieved materials were moistened and tested for mouthfeel, and any that felt as if they would require further chewing were rubbed through a 2 mm sieve and again tested for mouth feel. The only materials requiring further particle size reduction after the 5.0 mm sieving were pulses, which had retained a granular texture after the 5 mm sieving.
To compare the effects of different disruption methods samples were comminuted by three methods: (1) subjects (n = 5) were in- structed to consume four customary mouthfuls of food, chew each until they had the urge to swallow, and expectorated all except the first mouthful into a beaker, after which the expectorant was acid- ified to pH 2.5 with HCl within 1.0 min to stop salivary amylase activity; (2) passed (forced if necessary with the ball of the thumb without squashing) through a 5 mm stainless steel mesh sieve (Endecotts, UK); (3) homogenised for 20s in an Ultra-Turrax Homogeniser (IKAÒ-Werke, GmbH & Co. KG, Staufen, Germany) with an S18N-19G dispersing element. Samples from all comminu- tion treatments were then digested in vitro as described below.
The products were prepared as directed on the packaging where appropriate, and rubbed through a 5mm stainless steel sieve (Retsch, Haan, Germany). Sub-samples of the sieved materials were moistened and tested for mouthfeel, and any that felt as if they would require further chewing were rubbed through a 2 mm sieve and again tested for mouth feel. The only materials requiring further particle size reduction after the 5.0 mm sieving were pulses, which had retained a granular texture after the 5 mm sieving.To compare the effects of different disruption methods samples were comminuted by three methods: (1) subjects (n = 5) were in- structed to consume four customary mouthfuls of food, chew each until they had the urge to swallow, and expectorated all except the first mouthful into a beaker, after which the expectorant was acid- ified to pH 2.5 with HCl within 1.0 min to stop salivary amylase activity; (2) passed (forced if necessary with the ball of the thumb without squashing) through a 5 mm stainless steel mesh sieve (Endecotts, UK); (3) homogenised for 20s in an Ultra-Turrax Homogeniser (IKAÒ-Werke, GmbH & Co. KG, Staufen, Germany) with an S18N-19G dispersing element. Samples from all comminu- tion treatments were then digested in vitro as described below.
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