Several formulas had TR50 values of approximately 1.0 or less.
These results were not unexpected, due to the known irritant potential of their ingredients.
In spite of this higher irritancy (vs. SDS) the skin reactions produced were not overly severe and subsided quickly. Late autumn or,
(in particular) winter-time testing tended to increase the incidence of mild skin irritation reactions resulting in lower TR50 values relative to tests of similar formulations conducted in spring, summer, or early autumn.
In addition to the effects on the response to 20% SDS noted above,
this was observed for two of eight liquid soap/detergent/shampoo formulations (SDA-021 and SDA-022) and two of the four hard surface cleaners (SDA-002 and SDA-010) tested in winter.
Such a seasonal effect may have contributed to the TR50 values obtained for several other formulations (aluminum wash, mold/mildew removers, regular and concentrated fabric softeners) that were also tested in late autumn or winter. However,
in these cases we could not directly assess a seasonal influence on irritation potential since no similar formulations were tested in spring or summer for direct comparison.
Late autumn testing of one of the minimally irritating powder detergents did not result in greater irritation reactions relative to similar formulations tested in spring/summer or early autumn.
The lower temperatures and relative humidity manifest during the late autumn and wintertime studies were verified by consulting historical weather charts (http://www.srh.noaa.gov) for the specific locale where the testing took place. Even with seasonal effects noted, it was possible to categorize the irritation potential of different formulations across studies. Based on the comparative TR50 values across all 24 formulations, the general ranking of irritation potential was (by decreasing irritancy): mold/ mildew removers (average TR50 = 0.37 h) > disinfectants/sanitizers (0.64 h) > fabric softener concentrate (1.09 h) = aluminum wash (1.20 h) > 20% SDS (1.81 h) > liquid laundry detergents (3.48 h) > liquid dish detergents (4.16 h) = liquid fabric softeners (4.56 h) = liquid hand soaps (4.58 h) = shampoos (5.40 h) = hard surface cleaners (6.34 h) > powder automatic dish detergents (>16 h) = powder laundry detergents (>16 h). Note that, given the precision of the curve fitting method, all formulations with average TR50 values between 4 and 7 h were essentially equivalent. The powdered formulations (average TR50 values > 16 h) produced few or no skin reactions. The consistent pattern of results obtained, by product class, for these 24 detergent formulations across 7 studies conducted over a 4 year period attest to the utility of this human test method as a suitable and ethical approach for screening the acute irritation potential of these product types. Although conducted on generic prototype formulations, the test results are certainly relevant to marketed formulations within the distinct
Several formulas had TR50 values of approximately 1.0 or less.
These results were not unexpected, due to the known irritant potential of their ingredients.
In spite of this higher irritancy (vs. SDS) the skin reactions produced were not overly severe and subsided quickly. Late autumn or,
(in particular) winter-time testing tended to increase the incidence of mild skin irritation reactions resulting in lower TR50 values relative to tests of similar formulations conducted in spring, summer, or early autumn.
In addition to the effects on the response to 20% SDS noted above,
this was observed for two of eight liquid soap/detergent/shampoo formulations (SDA-021 and SDA-022) and two of the four hard surface cleaners (SDA-002 and SDA-010) tested in winter.
Such a seasonal effect may have contributed to the TR50 values obtained for several other formulations (aluminum wash, mold/mildew removers, regular and concentrated fabric softeners) that were also tested in late autumn or winter. However,
in these cases we could not directly assess a seasonal influence on irritation potential since no similar formulations were tested in spring or summer for direct comparison.
Late autumn testing of one of the minimally irritating powder detergents did not result in greater irritation reactions relative to similar formulations tested in spring/summer or early autumn.
The lower temperatures and relative humidity manifest during the late autumn and wintertime studies were verified by consulting historical weather charts (http://www.srh.noaa.gov) for the specific locale where the testing took place. Even with seasonal effects noted, it was possible to categorize the irritation potential of different formulations across studies. Based on the comparative TR50 values across all 24 formulations, the general ranking of irritation potential was (by decreasing irritancy): mold/ mildew removers (average TR50 = 0.37 h) > disinfectants/sanitizers (0.64 h) > fabric softener concentrate (1.09 h) = aluminum wash (1.20 h) > 20% SDS (1.81 h) > liquid laundry detergents (3.48 h) > liquid dish detergents (4.16 h) = liquid fabric softeners (4.56 h) = liquid hand soaps (4.58 h) = shampoos (5.40 h) = hard surface cleaners (6.34 h) > powder automatic dish detergents (>16 h) = powder laundry detergents (>16 h). Note that, given the precision of the curve fitting method, all formulations with average TR50 values between 4 and 7 h were essentially equivalent. The powdered formulations (average TR50 values > 16 h) produced few or no skin reactions. The consistent pattern of results obtained, by product class, for these 24 detergent formulations across 7 studies conducted over a 4 year period attest to the utility of this human test method as a suitable and ethical approach for screening the acute irritation potential of these product types. Although conducted on generic prototype formulations, the test results are certainly relevant to marketed formulations within the distinct
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