TM motives were measured by a total of 10 motives used earlier by the CIPD and the CRANET survey (CIPD, 2011: Cranfield University, 2003). Relying on a five-point Likert scale (ranging from strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree), the respondents were asked to indicate the objectives of the TM practices in their firms The relative use of TM practices was measured through a total of 20 TM practices developed by the CIPD. Again, using five-point scale items (1 never used to 5 used very extensively) respon dents were asked to identify the extent of use of each TM practice for career development of managers in their firms. Subsidiary-level effects were captured by the following three control variables which included subsidiary size, age and industry sector. categories determined by Subsidiary size was measured by five size Table 1. An ordinal the number of employees, as shown in 1 to 5 to represent variable was created that takes the value from each category using the logarithm of the total Subsidiary age was measured number of years elapsed since the establishment of variable was To control for industry variations, a dummy of sample created for industry categories where the including subsidiaries was broadly into two categories manufacturing vs. services