Regardless of the low pathogen prevalence identified in produce through this study, detection and isolation of any pathogen is un- acceptable and in violation of Canadian food safety requirements. As such, all samples that were confirmed positive for bacterial pathogens or for levels of generic E. coli that could represent a health risk (>1000 MPN or CFU/g) were subject to follow-up actions by the CFIA, which included recalls of the affected products when still available on the marketplace.