Soft Drink Consumption and Energy
Intake
These results, taken together, provide clear
and consistent evidence that people do not
compensate for the added energy they consume
in soft drinks by reducing their intake
of other foods, resulting in increased total
energy intakes. Not only do people fail to
compensate for the energy consumed in soft
drinks, but there is also some evidence that
the increase in energy intake associated with
soft drink consumption is even greater than
what can be accounted for by the beverages
alone, suggesting that food energy intake is
also higher. The largest effect sizes were observed
in long-term experimental studies,
followed by short-term experimental and
longitudinal studies. The smallest effects
were found in cross-sectional studies. Further
testing of moderators revealed significantly
larger effect sizes among (1) women,
(2) adults, (3) studies focusing on sugarsweetened
soft drinks, and (4) studies not
funded by the food industry (Table 1).
Soft Drink Consumption and EnergyIntakeThese results, taken together, provide clearand consistent evidence that people do notcompensate for the added energy they consumein soft drinks by reducing their intakeof other foods, resulting in increased totalenergy intakes. Not only do people fail tocompensate for the energy consumed in softdrinks, but there is also some evidence thatthe increase in energy intake associated withsoft drink consumption is even greater thanwhat can be accounted for by the beveragesalone, suggesting that food energy intake isalso higher. The largest effect sizes were observedin long-term experimental studies,followed by short-term experimental andlongitudinal studies. The smallest effectswere found in cross-sectional studies. Furthertesting of moderators revealed significantlylarger effect sizes among (1) women,(2) adults, (3) studies focusing on sugarsweetenedsoft drinks, and (4) studies notfunded by the food industry (Table 1).
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