A texture profile analysis (TPA) was performed on each
bread to measure firmness using a TA-XT2 texture analyzer (Stable
Micro Systems, Godalming, United Kingdom). The bread firmness
was determined using a 25 mm diameter cylinder plastic probe
attached to a 30 kg load cell. The test setting was carried out at a
constant speed of 2.0 mm/s for pre-test, test and post-test with a
trigger force of 5.0 g to compress the center of the crumb at distance
of 40% of the slice thickness (2.5 cm). A distance of 10mmwas
used to compress the sample with 5 s between each stroke. Slices
were analyzed 2 h post baking.