Strength and Conditioning Program Variables
Several variables in addition to progressive overload (frequency,
intensity, duration, volume, and tempo as defined) may
be periodized in order to alter the resistance-training stimulus to
achieve the conditioning goal. Different combinations of these
variables will create different training sessions.
Exercise order: the sequence in which exercises are
performed during a training session (e.g., large muscles
before smaller ones and multijoint exercises performed
before single-joint exercises).
Exercise selection: any mode of exercise specific to the
strength and conditioning goals of the athlete. These
modes may include but are not limited to the following:
)Resistance training (e.g., machines, free weights,
and bands)
)Sprint and endurance training
)Plyometric training
)Agility training
Load: the amount of resistance per repetition or set.
Muscle action
)Concentric: developing tension while shortening muscle
)Eccentric: developing tension while lengthening muscle
)Isometric: developing tension with no change in
muscle length
Repetition speed: varying resistive training speed from
slow (strength development) to fast (power development)
while using the appropriate load.
Rest periods: the amount of rest taken between sets,
exercises, and/or repetitions.
Active Rest and Recovery
Active rest is a phase in which volume and intensity are
significantly decreased to facilitate recovery from the training
and competition cycle. Recovery includes healing and
rehabilitation of any injuries that may have occurred as well
as recovery from the emotional rigors of competition (2).
Conditioning Modifications
In certain populations, conditioning programs may need to be
modified to optimize performance and minimize the risk of injury.