All chemicals and reagents were obtained from Sigma Aldrich
unless noted otherwise. Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) was
provided by Mineralstech (New York, NY). Distiller’s dried grains
were provided by Didion Milling (Cambria, WI). Procedure for
extraction of gum from DG was adopted from Xiang et al. [32,33]
who performed factorial experiments to optimize the purity of the
extracted gum to keep protein content low. Based on those experiments,
we extracted DG gum from 2 kg of DG using 3% NaOH
solution at 50 ◦C for 3 h. After extraction, the mixture was centrifuged
and the DG gum in the supernatant was precipitated and
washed using ethanol. The gum was freeze dried and ground for
further use