Some barriers are particular in that access to certain jobs is obtained through interpersonal networks that reflect social structures based on kinship. caste. community or ethnic origin. Other restrictions on access to work depend on more general criteria. These include educational qualifications. skills and experience, personal characteristics likely to appeal to employers (e.g. initiative, docility, age, sex), access to capital (which is especially impotant for self-employment but also relevant where migration costs must be met) and access to a maeket for output from self-employment.