Consumer testing
Hedonic sensory evaluation of cakes was conducted with 102
cake-usual consumer volunteers from 16 to 65 years of age.
Consumer tests were carried out at the Sensory Science Laboratory
of the Agricultural Engineering College at the University
of Valladolid, Palencia (Spain) in individual booths.
Cakes were evaluated on the basis of the acceptability of their
appearance, odour, taste, texture, and overall acceptability on
a nine-point hedonic scale. The scale of values ranged from
dislike extremely (score 1) to like extremely (score 9). Samples
were analysed 1 day after baking. One whole cake and a
central slice were presented for appearance evaluation and
the rest were divided into 2-cm-wide portions. The samples
were presented on white plastic dishes coded with four-digit
random numbers and served in random order. Water was
available for rinsing. Sensorial evaluation was only made for
four cakes: control and 2/3 substitution, both with and without
emulsifier.
Statistical analysis
Differences between the cakes were studied by analysis of
variance (ANOVA). Fisher’s least significant differences
(LSD) method was used to describe means with 95 % confidence
intervals. The statistical analysis was performed with
Statgraphics CenturionXVI software (Statpoint Technologies,
Inc., Warrenton, USA).