2.4. Pretreatment of pistachio de-hulling waste
Thermal pre-treatment was applied by using an autoclave
(Simsek Laborteknik Model KM-D) at 121 °C and 15 Psia and an
oven (Muve Dry Heat Sterilizer Model FN-055) at 121 °C for two
different time periods, namely 5 and 15 min. After thermal processes,
samples were cooled to room temperature in closed vessels
to avoid evaporation of organics, and kept at 4 °C until used. In
chemical pre-treatment, two hundred grams of pistachio hull
waste was mixed with (i) 200 ml of HCl (both 0.50 and 1 M) or (ii)
200 ml of NaOH (both 0.50 and 1 M) solutions all in separate reactors.
In other words, 2–4% NaOH or 1.8–3.6% HCl were added to
pistachio hull waste and the solutions were continuously stirred at
26 °C. 10 ml samples were taken from each solution in every 24 h
for 4 days for sCOD measurement.
The performance of pre-treatment methods along with the used variables (time, concentration, and type of chemical) was
evaluated with respect to solubilizing total Chemical Oxygen Demand
(or final sCOD/tCOD ratios). Based on this evaluation, the
pre-treatment methods to be used prior to Biochemical Methane
Potential (BMP) Assay was chosen as thermal pre-treatment (autoclaving)
for 15 min and chemical pre-treatment with 1 M NaOH
addition and continuously stirring for 1 day.
2.4. Pretreatment of pistachio de-hulling wasteThermal pre-treatment was applied by using an autoclave(Simsek Laborteknik Model KM-D) at 121 °C and 15 Psia and anoven (Muve Dry Heat Sterilizer Model FN-055) at 121 °C for twodifferent time periods, namely 5 and 15 min. After thermal processes,samples were cooled to room temperature in closed vesselsto avoid evaporation of organics, and kept at 4 °C until used. Inchemical pre-treatment, two hundred grams of pistachio hullwaste was mixed with (i) 200 ml of HCl (both 0.50 and 1 M) or (ii)200 ml of NaOH (both 0.50 and 1 M) solutions all in separate reactors.In other words, 2–4% NaOH or 1.8–3.6% HCl were added topistachio hull waste and the solutions were continuously stirred at26 °C. 10 ml samples were taken from each solution in every 24 hfor 4 days for sCOD measurement.The performance of pre-treatment methods along with the used variables (time, concentration, and type of chemical) wasevaluated with respect to solubilizing total Chemical Oxygen Demand(or final sCOD/tCOD ratios). Based on this evaluation, thepre-treatment methods to be used prior to Biochemical MethanePotential (BMP) Assay was chosen as thermal pre-treatment (autoclaving)for 15 min and chemical pre-treatment with 1 M NaOHaddition and continuously stirring for 1 day.
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