A duty to prevent violence finds support not only in the Anglo-American common-law
tradition but also in liberal political theory. According to Locke and other natural rights
theorists, individuals enter into society to preserve their lives, liberties, and properties.
Under the social contract, citizens obtain a right to protection by the community
against criminal violence. In return, they promise not only to comply with the laws,
but also to assist the authorities in enforcing those laws. In this way, Locke writes,
the rights of individuals come to be defended by “the united strength of the whole
Society.” In On Liberty, John Stuart Mill recognizes a similar duty on the part of individuals.…
Mill agrees “that everyone who receives the protection of society owes a
return for the benefit,” including an obligation to bear one’s fair share of “the labours
and sacrifices incurred for defending the society or its members from injury.”
In addition to endorsing a duty to prevent violence, liberal thought suggests a
way to expand that duty into a general duty to rescue. According to liberal writers,
the community has a responsibility to preserve the lives of its members, not only
against violence but also against other forms of harm. For example, Locke, Blackstone,
and Kant all maintain that the state has an obligation to relieve poverty and
support those who are unable to provide for their own needs. In Locke’s words,
both natural right and “common charity” teach “that those should be most taken
care of by the law, who are least capable of taking care of themselves.” Of course,
this is also a major theme in contemporary liberal political thought.…
A duty to prevent violence finds support not only in the Anglo-American common-lawtradition but also in liberal political theory. According to Locke and other natural rightstheorists, individuals enter into society to preserve their lives, liberties, and properties.Under the social contract, citizens obtain a right to protection by the communityagainst criminal violence. In return, they promise not only to comply with the laws,but also to assist the authorities in enforcing those laws. In this way, Locke writes,the rights of individuals come to be defended by “the united strength of the wholeSociety.” In On Liberty, John Stuart Mill recognizes a similar duty on the part of individuals.…Mill agrees “that everyone who receives the protection of society owes areturn for the benefit,” including an obligation to bear one’s fair share of “the laboursand sacrifices incurred for defending the society or its members from injury.”In addition to endorsing a duty to prevent violence, liberal thought suggests away to expand that duty into a general duty to rescue. According to liberal writers,the community has a responsibility to preserve the lives of its members, not onlyagainst violence but also against other forms of harm. For example, Locke, Blackstone,and Kant all maintain that the state has an obligation to relieve poverty andsupport those who are unable to provide for their own needs. In Locke’s words,ทั้งสิทธิธรรมชาติ และ "กุศลทั่วไป" สอน "ว่า ผู้ควรมากที่สุดควรดูแล โดยกฎหมาย ผู้มีความสามารถน้อยในการดูแลตัวเอง" แน่นอนนี้เป็นรูปแบบหลักคิดทางการเมืองเสรีนิยมร่วมสมัย...
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