The suggested indicators are all measured in each link of
the chain, except for the last three indicators of marketing
(they are not measured in the first three links of the chain)
and the indicator “emissions”. The interviewees argued that
indicators of marketing are difficult to measure. In
supermarkets, the indicators of marketing are measured by
comparing total returns to marketing efforts. Emissions are
perceived to be not very important or even not important at
all across the entire supply chain. Most of the links of the
chain do not have direct restrictions from the government for
emissions and therefore they do not measure emissions. In
general, all indicators of process quality (except for indicators
of marketing) are already measured and controlled as basic
requirements of the quality certification systems that
companies use. Therefore, interviewees suggested that these
indicators should not be included as separate items in the
PMS framework.