Among all genera of the water-lily clade (Nymphaeales), Nymphaea is the most diverse
lineage with more than 50 species. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have
shown several lineages that represent species radiations on certain continents (Borsch
et al. 2007, 2008; Löhne et al. 2007). A lineage comprising all temperate species in
Eurasia and North America gains high support from both DNA and morphology, and
corresponds to subg. Nymphaea. Two lineages with night bloomers appear vicariant
for the New and Old World Tropics, respectively. The monophyletic subg. Hydrocallis
occurs in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America (Wiersema 1987, Löhne
et al. 2008b) whereas subg. Lotos is native from Africa through the Indian subcontinent
to northern Australia. Molecular studies have shown that the Southern African
N. petersiana, previously classified within subg. Brachyceras, in fact belongs to subg. Lotos
where it is sister to the remainder of the species (Borsch et al. 2007). All phylogenetic
analyses hitherto carried out agree on the close relationship between the pantropically
distributed subg. Brachyceras and an Australian radiation of species constituting subg.
Anecphya. Complex reticulate evolutionary patterns were involved in the genesis of
the approximately 10–16 species of Anecphya (Löhne et al. 2008a), many of which
were described only recently (Jacobs & Porter 2007; Jacobs & Hellquist 2006; Jacobs
& Hellquist 2011, this issue). Morphology and molecules agree on the finding that the
monotypic genus Ondinea diverged rather recently from ancestors within Anecphya
(Borsch et al. 2007, Löhne et al. 2009), pointing at rapid changes in floral architecture
as well as organ number, probably as a consequence of changes in life form (submerged
aquatic in temporal streams). Therefore, Löhne et al. (2009) transferred Ondinea
purpurea, including its two subspecies, to Nymphaea.
Among all genera of the water-lily clade (Nymphaeales), Nymphaea is the most diverselineage with more than 50 species. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses haveshown several lineages that represent species radiations on certain continents (Borschet al. 2007, 2008; Löhne et al. 2007). A lineage comprising all temperate species inEurasia and North America gains high support from both DNA and morphology, andcorresponds to subg. Nymphaea. Two lineages with night bloomers appear vicariantfor the New and Old World Tropics, respectively. The monophyletic subg. Hydrocallisoccurs in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America (Wiersema 1987, Löhneet al. 2008b) whereas subg. Lotos is native from Africa through the Indian subcontinentto northern Australia. Molecular studies have shown that the Southern AfricanN. petersiana, previously classified within subg. Brachyceras, in fact belongs to subg. Lotoswhere it is sister to the remainder of the species (Borsch et al. 2007). All phylogeneticanalyses hitherto carried out agree on the close relationship between the pantropicallydistributed subg. Brachyceras and an Australian radiation of species constituting subg.Anecphya. Complex reticulate evolutionary patterns were involved in the genesis ofthe approximately 10–16 species of Anecphya (Löhne et al. 2008a), many of whichwere described only recently (Jacobs & Porter 2007; Jacobs & Hellquist 2006; Jacobs& Hellquist 2011, this issue). Morphology and molecules agree on the finding that themonotypic genus Ondinea diverged rather recently from ancestors within Anecphya(Borsch et al. 2007, Löhne et al. 2009), pointing at rapid changes in floral architectureas well as organ number, probably as a consequence of changes in life form (submergedaquatic in temporal streams). Therefore, Löhne et al. (2009) transferred Ondineapurpurea, including its two subspecies, to Nymphaea.
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