The researchers developed a locally modified LibQUAL+® Urdu version of the widely used
LibQUAL+® standardized survey using standard procedure prescribed by Churchill (1979);
Fornell and Larcker (1981). Our Urdu version of LibQUAL+® was tested using a large sample
size of 1,987. The researchers provided empirical evidence regarding internal consistency,
construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity (Fornell and Larcker
1981). The Urdu version of LibQUAL+® was found to be valid and reliable. This is the first
such study in South Asia for investigating the psychometric properties of LibQUAL+®.
Furthermore, the researchers first time tested a print version through two independent
studies with heterogeneous samples. No such extensive psychometric analysis had
previously been conducted on this instrument in Pakistan.
The results of EFA and CFA found that library service quality consists of three dimensions
i.e. affect of service, information control and library as place in Pakistan. Thus, the
researchers can safely conclude that the three-factor model fits the Pakistani context.
Pakistani users want comprehensive collection (book, journals electronic resources) in
print and electronic format. They also expect tools and modern equipment for easy and
remote access through library websites. Moreover, users want comfortable space for
individual and group learning, research and study. Additionally knowledgeable,
cooperative and courteous staff is also considered very important by the users.